Khí (Qi) trong y học cổ truyền
2025-01-07
Mục tiêu
Quan điểm đông y về một bệnh bất kỳ, cách trị bệnh và các thuốc
Các nội dung cần có
Mục tiêu
Cung cấp thông tin về cách sử dụng một vị thuốc giữa phương Tây, Trung Hoa và Việt nam
Các nội dung cần có
The vital substances
QI, BLOOD, FLUID ESSENCE AND SHEN
Tinh-Khí-Thần-Huyết-Tân dịch
Nhị nguyên và Nhất nguyên
Xun Kuang (c.313-238 bc) said
Water and Fire have Qi but not life; plants and trees have life, but not knowledge; birds and animals have knowledge, but no sense of what are rights
Lie Zi, a Daoist text from around 300 bc, said:
The purer and lighter [elements], tending upwards, made the heaven; the grosser and heavier [elements], tending downwards, made the earth
Huai Nan Zi (c.122 bc), another Daoist text,says:
Dao originated from Emptiness and Emptiness produced the universe. The universe produced Qi. That which was clear and light drifted up to become heaven, and that which was heavy and turbid solidified to form earth.
Wang Chong (ad 27-97)
Qi produces the human body just as water becomes ice. As water freezes into ice, so Qi coagulates to form the human body. When ice melts, it becomes water. When a person dies, he or she becomes spirit [shen] again. It is called spirit, just as melted ice changes its name to water.When it came to separation and differentiation, the pure [elements] formed heaven, and the turbid ones formed earth.
Zhang Zai (ad 1020-1077)
Every birth is a condensation, every death a dispersal. Birth is not a gain, death not a loss … when condensed, Qi becomes a living being, when dispersed, it is the substratum of mutation
Wang Fu Zhi (1619-1692):
Life is not creation from nothing, and death is not complete dispersion and destruction. [Despite the condensation and dispersion of Qi] its original substance can neither be added nor be lessened. All that is void and empty is full of Qi which, in its state of condensation and thus visible, is called being, but in its state of dispersion and thus no longer visible, is called non-being. When dispersing Qi makes the Great Void, only regaining its original misty feature but not perishing; when condensing, it becomes the origin of all beings.
Qi is the root of a human being
Ý nghĩa của Qi với cơ thể
Tam bảo gồm Tinh (ESSENCE)- Khí (Qi)- Thần (SHEN)
Tam bảo đại diện cho ba trạng thái ngưng tụ hoặc tổng hợp của khí, Tinh (ESSENCE) dày đặc nhất, Khí (QI) tinh khiết hơn và Thần (SHEN) tinh tế và phi vật chất nhất.
Qi and qi
It is a part of Yang and includes motivation and warmth for the body. Qi transforms, transports, holds, protects, raises up and warms.
Chức năng
Là thành phần cấu tạo cơ thể. Chất cơ bản duy trì sự sống (khí của thủy cốc, khí hô hấp). Năng lượng hoạt động của các tổ chức (ngũ tạng, lục phủ), Khí của kinh mạch. Có ở khắp cơ thể, có tác dụng chung và riêng ở nơi trú ngụ (thận khí, can khí).
Phân loại theo nguồn gốc:
Phân loại theo chức năng:
Nguyên khí ORIGINAL QI (YUAN QI)
Nguồn gốc: Tinh tiên thiên và bổ sung bởi khí hậu thiên bao gồm nguyên dương và nguyên âm.
Bắt nguồn từ Thận, tàng ở Đan điền nhờ Tam tiêu vận hành tuần hoàn cơ thể.
Chức năng: Cung cấp năng lượng cho hoạt động của lục phủ ngũ tạng, các hoạt động sinh lý cơ thể, điều hoà các hoạt động liên quan đến sinh trưởng, phát triển và sinh dục. Nguyên khí đầy đủ cơ thể khỏe mạnh và ngược lại.
Tông khí-GATHERING QI (ZONG QI)
Nguồn gốc Từ hai nguồn là cốc khí (food) sau khi tỳ vị vận hóa thủy cốc (water)cộng thêm khí trời (phổi) (air) tạo tông khí tích tụ ở ngực
Chức năng - Từ phế theo đường hô hấp và hầu họng để thực hiện hô hấp. Vào tâm mạch để vận hành khí huyết. - Đi xuống dưới qua tam tiêu vào đan điền. - Từ đan điền, khí vận hành tuần hoàn toàn thân.
Dinh khí- NUTRITIVE QI (YING QI)
Nguồn gốc: Từ thủy cốc
Chức năng Vi hành trong mạch, sinh hóa huyết-dịch
Công năng dinh dưỡng toàn thân, lục phủ ngũ tạng phát tán ra ngoài nuôi dưỡng da lông
Dinh khí vào trung tiêu, tàng tại thủ thái âm phế kinh tuần hoàn 14 đường kinh vận hành liên tục.
Nguyên khí ORIGINAL QI (YUAN QI)
It is a dynamic and rarefied form of Essence having its origin in the Kidneys. Original Qi is also often said to include the Original Yin (Yuan Yin) and Original Yang (Yuan Yang): this means that Original Qi is the foundation of all the Yin andYang energies of the body Original Qi, like Essence, relies on nourishment from the Post-Heaven Essence.
Tông khí-GATHERING QI (ZONG QI)
the Gathering Qi derives from the interaction of Food-Qi with air. The Spleen sends Food-Qi up to the Lungs where, combining with air, it is transformed into Gathering Qi Gathering Qi is a more subtle and refined form of Qi than Food-Qi, and it is usable by the body.
Dinh khí- NUTRITIVE QI (YING QI)
Nutritive Qi is extracted from food and water, it regulates the 5 Yin organs, moistens the 6 Yang organs, it enters the blood vessels, it circulates in the channels above and below, is linked with the 5 Yin organs and connects with the 6 Yang organs 1. Nourishes the Internal Organs 2. Is closely linked to Blood 3. Flows in channels and blood vessel
Vệ khí- DEFENSIVE QI (WEI QI)
Nguồn gốc Từ thủy cốc Chức năng Bắt nguồn từ Tỳ, Vị; vận hành ngoài Mạch. Bên trong phân bố ở các màng có màu đen ở ngực bụng, ngoài tuần hoàn giữa cơ nhục và bì phu. Vệ khí vào thượng tiêu, công năng ôn dưỡng cơ nhục bì phu,làm ấm nội tạng, cơ nhục, da lông, đóng mở tấu lý (lỗ chân lông). Bảo vệ cơ thể chống ngoại tà xâm nhập.
Vệ khí- DEFENSIVE QI (WEI QI)
The human being receives Qi from food: this enters the stomach, is transported to the Lungs i.e. the Food-Qi it is transformed into Qi, the refined part becomes Nutritive Qi, the coarse part becomes Defensive Qi. Nutritive Qi flows in the blood vessels and channels, Defensive Qi flows outside the channels. Defensive Qi is derived from the coarse part of food and water, it is slippery in nature, hence it cannot enter the channels. It therefore circulates under the skin, in between the muscles, it vapourizes in between membranes and diffuses over the chest and abdomen
ORIGINAL QI (YUAN QI)
It is a dynamic and rarefied form of Essence having its origin in the Kidneys. Original Qi is also of ten said to include the Original Yin (Yuan Yin) and Original Yang (Yuan Yang): this means that Original Qi is the foundation of all the Yin andYang energies of the body. Original Qi, like Essence, relies on nourishment from the Post-Heaven Essence.
Motive force
Original Qi can be seen as the dynamic motive force that arouses and moves the functional activity of all the organs. It does so because, like the Essence, it is the foundation of vitality and stamina. As aform of Qi, it circulates all over the body, in the channels. It could be said to be the link between Essence, which is more fluid like and related to slow, long-term cycles and changes, and the day-to-day Qi, which is Qi-like and is re lated to short-term cycles and changes
Basis of Kidney-Qi
Original Qi is the basis for Kidney-Qi and is closely related to all the Kidneys functional activities. Original Qi dwells between the two Kidneys below the umbilicus, at the Gate of Life. Thus, Original Qi is closely related to the Gate of Life and shares its role of provid ing the heat necessary to all the bodys functional activities
Facilitates the transformation of Qi
Original Qi acts as the agent of change in the transformation of Gathering Qi(Zong Qi) intoTrue Qi (Zhen Qi). This is one way in which the Kidneys (where the Original Qi arises from) participate in the production of Qi
Facilitates the transformation of Blood
Original Qi acts as the agent of change in the transformation of Gathering Qi (Zong Qi) intoTrue Qi (Zhen Qi). This is one way in which the Kidneys (where the Original Qi arises from) participate in the production of Qi
Facilitates the transformation of Blood
Original Qi acts as the agent of change in the transformation of Gathering Qi(Zong Qi) intoTrue Qi (Zhen Qi). This is one way in which the Kidneys (where the Original Qi arises from) participate in the production of Qi
ORIGINAL QI (YUAN QI)
Nutritive Qi is extracted from food and water, it regulates the 5 Yin organs, moistens the 6 Yang organs, it enters the blood vessels, it circu lates in the channels above and below, is linked with the 5 Yin organs and connects with the 6 Yang organs
Transforming
Qi (Yang in nature) is essential for the transfor mation of food and fluids (Yin in nature) into clear (Yang) and turbid (Yin) parts. This process of trans formation is anotheraspectof thechangeinthesta teof aggregation/ dispersion of Qi mentioned above. Material, dense forms of matter such as food and fluids need the power of Qi to be transformed into more subtle forms of matter, e.g. food is transformed into Food-Qi which is, in turn, trans formed into True Qi
Transporting
Transportation, closely linked to transformation, is another essential function of Qi. In the process of transformation of various substances, Qi transports them in and out of various body structures. This transportation movement may be upwards, downwards,inwards or outwards. The as cending/descending and entering/exiting of Qi in the body constitutes what is called the Qi Mechanism (Qi Ji)
Holding
Holding means that Qi (Yang in nature) holds fluids and Blood (Yin in nature) in their proper places. This is essential so that fluids or blood do not leak out.
Raising
Qi ensures that the body structures are held in their proper place. If Qi is deficient, particularly in its raising function, it is said to be not only deficient but also sinking
Protecting
Qi protects the body from invasion of exterior pathogenic factors. This is primarily (but not exclusively) a function of Defensive Qi. Defensive Qi irrigates the space between the skin and muscles which constitutes the exterior energetic layer of the body. The strength of Defensive Qi in this space determines our resistance to external pathogenic factors such as Wind, Cold and Dampness. Defensive Qi is closely linked to the Lungs which spread it in the space between skin and muscles and therefore Lung-Qi protects the body from exterior pathogenic factors. However, our overall resistance to external pathogenic factors does not dependonly onthestrength of Defensive Qi but partlyalso on that of Nutritive Qi and Kidney-Essenc
Warming
This is a function of Yang-Qi. Warming is an essential role for Qi as all physiological processes depend on warmth: this is especially crucial with fluids, as they are Yin in nature and therefore need Yang (warmth) to promote their transformation, transportation and excretion. The source of Yang and warmth in the body is primarily Kidney-Yang and the Minister Fire. Spleen Yang also warms the body but it, in turn, derives its warmth primarily from Kidney-Yang.
Without exiting-entering of Qi, there would be no birth, growth, maturity and decline. Without ascending-descending, there would be no birth, growth, transformation, receiving and storage. All organs rely on the ascending-descending and exiting-entering of Qi.
Chức năng
Vật chất khởi nguồn của sinh mệnh và các hoạt động của cơ thể; là cơ sở vật chất của nguyên khí con người chân âm và nguyên âm
Essence is the basis of reproduction, development, growth, sexual power, conception, pregnancy and decay in the body. It also forms the basic constitutional strength and vitality. When it manifests as Qi, it is known as Original Qi. Essence also includes semen and the reproductive capacity of the body. In its most broad and comprehensive sense, Essence refers to the overall hormonal strength that regulates normal growth, metabolism and sexuality. Although not a Fluid, it is Fluid-like and so is considered a part of Yin. It is stored in the Kidney-adrenals.
Chức năng
Thần Là tinh thần, ý thức, tri giác, tư duy, chi phối tất cả hoạt động. Được sinh ra từ tinh tiên thiên và nuôi dưỡng bởi tinh hậu thiên. Thần sung túc cơ thể khỏe mạnh, Thần suy nhược cơ thể yếu đuối.
The Heart is the Monarch of the five Yin organs and six Yang organs and it is the residence of the Mind
Shen encompasses both the Mind and the Spirit. It reflects the entire physical, emotional, mental and spiritual health of the body. It includes the capacity to think and act coherently, the force of the human personality, and the joy to live. It also includes the spiritual aspects ofall the organs, especially the Yin organs. It is distinguished by the sparkle in the eyes, an overall vivaciousness and the will to live. Shen is housed in the Heart. Because of its active nature, it is a part of Yang.
Just as science has discovered that the DNA molecule is the all- pervasive code of life manifesting as different tissues and organs throughout the body, Qi, which is essentially one, manifests in different forms and qualities depending upon its functions within the body. In TCM, Qi has two major aspects in the body. In one, it represents a refined aspect, or Essence, which nourishes the body-mind complex. This Essence is expressed in different forms according to its location and function in the body. In its second aspect, Qi indicates the functional activities of the internal organs themselves.
Liệu Qi có phải là một Pseudoscientific
Góc nhìn khoa học
Cách nhìn
If Qi is not exhausted, it returns essences to the Kidneys to be transformed into Essence; if the Essence is not depleted, it returns Essence to the Liver to be transformed into Blood.
Blood
A part of Yin, The concept of Blood is similar, though broader in definition to, Western medicine and includes circulation, stagnation and hemorrhage.
Blood
Nguồn gốc: Vật chất sắc đỏ, tạo thành từ tinh của thủy cốc và tinh thận thông quá trình khí hòa nhờ chức năng của tỳ, vị, tâm, phế và thận
Body Fluids
Fluids describe all the various fluidic substances including saliva, sweat, urine, tears, lymph and other secretions.
Tân dịch
Tân dịch là tất cả các dịch trong cơ thể bao gồm cả dịch trong tạng phủ trừ tinh và huyết.
Bộ môn Dược liệu- Dược cổ truyền